Kelvin Kemm is a nuclear physicist and Chairman of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation and Nuclear Africa (Pty) Ltd: South Africa possesses the world’s richest thorium mine, Steenkampskraal in the Western Cape. The mine was discovered in the late 1940s and produces valuable Rare Earth materials, plus thorium. Research into using thorium in nuclear reactors was carried out in the United States in the late 1950s and also in Germany and the United Kingdom in the early to mid-1960s. Most of the thorium used in all of these reactors came from the Steenkampskraal mine.